Computer, Programming,signal Processing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PC, Programming,signal Processing - Essay Example It is discovered that different current sources in the human mind are competent to react against comparative EEG. The forward issue and the opposite issue can be diagrammatically spoken to with the assistance of source model having current dipole proficient to create neural flows which are constantly discovered confined in little areas. The electroencephalogram framework comprises of some associating gadgets which are intended to interface with both the scalp of the individual and PC. The procedure occurring in the cerebrum is reflected over the outside of the scalp. This is the motivation behind why anodes and associations are given on the scalp. At that point cathode glue is applied on the scalp and after that terminals are put on them. The scalp gives data to the little box appended to the PC framework and the entire gadget in the wake of handling the data sent back to the client. Various neurological wave examples can be gathered with the assistance of this EEG framework. These electrical wave designs creating inside the cerebrum are reflected at the scalp locale. These reflections are passed in to the capacity unit of the PC and the cathodes kept on the scalp area impart signs of voltage varieties to the enhancer. The accomplishment of this innovation basically relies upon the situating and creating contact wit h the anodes. Because of this explanation terminals of exceptionally conductive materials like gold or silver chloride are regularly utilized. In reality the revelation of electrical wave design from the cerebrum has occurred just hundred years back and this prompted the application procedure of Brain PC Interface. EEG is an extraordinary kind of correspondence media among men and machines which is performed by utilizing the impact of electronic signals on current sources in human mind. The arrangement of correspondence by methods for electronic signs is named as Brain Computer Interface. This is

The Truth about Random Roommates in College

At the point when I got the notification, I was overwhelmed with sentiments of cynicism. It wasn’t so much that I was concerned that I would be awkward. As a matter of fact indeed, it was that I was concerned that I would be awkward. In any case, it was additionally in light of the fact that I anticipated some feeling of control, some feeling of inborn solace that I grew up so acquainted with. Living with two arbitrary folks wasn’t my first decision, yet it turned into a reality I needed to rapidly permit myself to deal with. This isn’t to state that my two arbitrary flat mates were individuals of comparative foundations as I either, in light of the fact that it appeared just as somebody in Xavier University’s Admittance Department needed to make a mixture in a room made for two. There was Shuhei, a 5’6†, Japanese multi year old who, at that point, was living in New Jersey without anyone else. Through following him on Facebook, in addition to the fact that I found out that he played hockey, yet in addition that he hadn’t refreshed his profile since Sophomore year. â€Å"What an individual,† I contemplated internally. The perceptions started to prosper. At that point there was Kyle, a 6’2†, Filipino and African American multi year old who had an ESPN profile, yet additionally a couple of recordings on Youtube acting in his Chicago based high school’s plays and taking an interest in their early daytime broadcasting administration. â€Å"In comparison,† I started to think, â€Å"I unquestionably come in second as far as suffering qualities. â€Å" In this way, there I sat, unmoving on my friend’s sofa, stressed that school would have been a type of an outlandish undertaking in light of the fact that in addition to the fact that i am living in a room that’s unreasonably little for us, yet in addition since I couldn’t be more not quite the same as them two. I chose to do what any sensible scholar with certain hints of summed up uneasiness would do: start a gathering talk. It didn’t take long for me to understand that we were all inclination a similar way and we as a whole needed to make the best out of the hand we were managed. Let’s simply state that our best surpassed the entirety of our desires. Established in somewhat of a clichã ©, we became the best of companions. Living along with two others around other people powers another sort of relationship to create. There is a consistent update that in spite of the fact that these individuals are outsiders, we use on a similar latrine and shower now. Despite the fact that these individuals are outsiders, we stay in bed cots on one another. Despite the fact that these individuals are outsiders, it doesn’t imply that we can't turn out to be close. There is one, significant plan to recall when you get your flat mate task: they are feeling the equivalent definite way you are in that circumstance, and chances are you share something in like manner. Every college draws in and acknowledges explicit sorts of individuals that make up their understudy body. Along these lines, in the event that you were acknowledged and decided to join in, you will undoubtedly locate some shared belief. Free yourself up to other people, so others will open up to you. Composed by an understudy at Xavier University.

Freshman Application Data - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Freshman Application Data - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Freshman Application Data Now that we are a little over a month into the Freshman application cycle, I thought I would let you know how things are going so far in the process. As of today (9.21.2010), we have received approximately 3,000 Early Action applications. Of those 3,000 or so applicants, just under 2,000 of them have submitted SAT/ACT scores. Remember, UGA needs official scores sent in from the testing agency in order to use the scores. We do not use the test scores off a transcript or off the application as official. We will be accepting the October SAT/ACT scores for EA as long as you requested they be sent to UGA when you signed up for the exam. Roughly 800 of those 3,000 applicants have a school/counselor evaluation form in their file. We must receive a school evaluation form for your application to be complete, and the easiest way is for your counselor to submit this online at through our HS Counselor Portal. Approximately 1,100 applicants have submitted an official transcript, which is still a required document even with the self-reported grades. 24 of the EA applicants have submitted an ACT score without any ACT Writing score. UGA requires an ACT Writing section in order to use your ACT scores (the writing section for the SAT is mandatory, so this is not an issue with SAT scores). Even with the two additional fields (self-reported grades and moving the activities section to part I), we are still running on par with past years as far as applications. I expect that we will have 10,000 to 12,000 EA applicants this year, but we will have to wait and see. Please remember that we must have all the required documents in order to review your file. The myStatus page is the best place to get the most up-to-date information on your application, as it indicates what UGA has received. Please let me know if you have any questions about this process. Go Dawgs!!

Essay about Mexican Lives by Judith Adler Hellman

Mexican Lives by Judith Adler Hellman The author of Mexican Lives, Judith Adler Hellman, grapples with the United States’ economic relationship with their neighbors to the south, Mexico. It also considers, through many interviews, the affairs of one nation. It is a work held to high esteem by many critics, who view this work as an essential part in truly understanding and capturing Mexico’s history. In Mexican Lives, Hellman presents us with a cast from all walks of life. This enables a reader to get more than one perspective, which tends to be bias. It also gives a more inclusive view of the nation of Mexico as a whole. Dealing with rebel activity, free trade, assassinations and their transition into the modern age, it justly†¦show more content†¦Many may use the argument that Hellman purposely picked lifestyles of a harsh and poor nature, in order to fully drive home her point of supposed economic growth. Unfortunately, it’s the truth, a truth that faces many each and every day of their ex istence. A life that for all intent and purpose was meant to flourish with the newly formed relationship established with Mexico’s neighbors to the north, the United States, ultimately took a turn for the worse. She is able to presents the effects of this supposed economic development in a very humanistic light, seeing the interviewees unmistakably describe the negative conditions in which they endure. This being said, one can only help but notice this downward spiral, which manifested itself with the ties to the American economy. In chapter seven, the issue of water is seen rehashed yet again for one. Adelita Sandoval, whom Hellman interviews, shares her reasons for escaping to Tijuana, due to â€Å"a violent alcoholic husband† (pg.162), and the new life she began there. Her willingness to work in any situation enabled Sandoval to adjust quickly to her new environment. She sought out employment like everyone else, in what is known as a maquilina. â€Å"Mostly foreign-owned, these factories were constructed under the special tariff arrangements of the Border Industrialization Program.† (pg. 163) Sandoval paints a vivid picture of the long and monotonousShow MoreRelatedThe Mexican Revolution Essay2080 Words   |  9 Pages Scott Van Winkle (MLA Format) My Thesis is, the Mexican Revolution was important because the people were getting fed up and something needed to be done about the corruption and the possibility of a free-market. This kind of â€Å"opportunity† would help the rich but the poor would only have a larger gap into the steps of economical and political society. People were unsatisfied with the Diaz Regime and it had now

Cry, The Beloved Country, By Alan Paton - 1373 Words

In South Africa, the plight of apartheid tore apart communities, families, and individuals. It was a social concern that came under increasing attack and response as apartheid reached its zenith in the middle of the 20th century. It was not unlike segregation and the Jim Crow mentality that prevailed in the United States; with its ancient roots and adverse effects. Indeed, one is curiously reminded of Harper Lee’s well known novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, and its role in trying to formulate an escape from that system. An escape with various routes, but an escape that interestingly calls back to the nature of innocence and child-like questions. It is in this way that Alan Paton’s enduring novel, Cry, The Beloved Country, takes on a unique and refreshing approach to a basic question: that of the equality and dignity of all people. Throughout Cry, The Beloved Country, Paton exudes frequent references to childhood, a devout religiosity, and of course, a return to simple ques tions; all of which contribute the idea of innocence and a certain naivetà © that contribute significantly to Paton’s message. Extended and found in abundance, the warmth and almost reassurance of children provides a foundation and almost stronghold throughout the novel. Both of the central characters around who the story is centralized are old men, but both of them experience a journey that calls to mind the idea that one is never quite finished growing up. The newness of Kumalo’s journey (with both excitingShow MoreRelatedCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton1076 Words   |  5 PagesAlan Paton who was a South African author and anti-apartheid activist wrote the novel Cry, the Beloved Country, The novel publication in 1948 was just before South Africa institutionalized racial segregation under Apartheid. Paton addresses the destruction of the tribal system in South Africa due to white colonization by using the novel as a medium to illustrate is damage. Throughout the novel we are exposed to the numerous problems resulting from the colonization. Communities are in collapse, theRead MoreCry, the Bel oved Country by Alan Paton838 Words   |  3 Pagesindividuals. Alan Paton examines this problem in Cry, the Beloved Country. Throughout the story, Paton adds specific personalities to his characters to contribute to change. Characters in Cry, the Beloved Country went through hardships that changed them to realize reality and its outcomes. Paton accordingly creates a picture throughout his story to explain the problems in South Africa. There are many contributing factors of Paton’s idea to identify as being important for change to occur in Cry, the BelovedRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton696 Words   |  3 PagesCry, the Beloved Country is a novel with remarkable lyricism written by Alan Paton. Born as a white South African, Alan Paton grew up during a time period marked by racial inequality and later became an activist against apartheid. He was a devout Christian so many of his writings reflect Christian faith. As an activist, he wrote many books about South Africa and racial injustice. While traveling around Europe, he began writing Cry, the Beloved Country, which was published in 1948. That same yearRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton1155 Words   |  5 Pages Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a stunning and all too accurate depiction of apartheid in South Africa. Even though the novel centers on John Kumalo and his struggling family, it subtly shows the social going ons of South Africa supposedly in 1948, when the book was written. Strong examples of this come across in the choral chapters of the novel. These chapters give voice to the people of South Africa. Chapter nine shows the struggles of being black during apartheid, chapter 12 shows theRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton778 Words   |  4 Pagesfront to give it the opposite meaning. Therefore, it means a land free of cold and horror. It’s such an ironic name for a country where people are living their lives with hunger and fear. The conditions in South Africa during mid-1900 were even worse than they are today. Alan Paton addresses these issues in his novel, Cry, the Beloved Country, published in 1948. Paton uses two contrasting places to present his view of South Africa while suggesting solutions. The desolate village of NdotsheniRead MoreImagery In Cry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton768 Words   |  4 Pagesnoises, etc, as did the roles in the novel. Ala n Paton uses a strong voice packed with imagery in his passage, â€Å"For they grow red and bare; they cannot hold the rain and mist, and the streams are dry in the kloofs. Too many cattle feed upon the grass, and too many fires have burned it. Stand shod upon it, for it is coarse and sharp, and the stones cut under the feet. It is not kept or guarded, or cared for, it no longer keeps men, guards men, cares for men† (Paton, 34). The overwhelming senses of touchRead MoreCry The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Analysis928 Words   |  4 PagesIt is no new information that God tends to directs the ordinary people out of their normal lives and make something great out of them. This reprsents what occured in Stephen Kumalos life from the book Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton. Those who live broken and imperfect are the people God sees something special in. Grabbing these people out of their brokenness and make the world better through them. Like all the other ordinary people that contributed in Gods plan, Stephen Kumalos journeyRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Reconciliation981 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the violence depicted amongst the whites and blacks of South Africa, in Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton reconciliation and the spirit of unity present themselves through two men: Reverend Kumalo and James Jarvis. To be able to reconcile and unite with others, people must first be able to look inward and come to peace with themselves. One of the main struggles throughout Cry, The Beloved Country emanates from within the characters, as they try to come to terms with events. StephenRead MoreAlan Paton s Cry, The Beloved The Country1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Blacks, leading up to the Civil War, and during the Apartheid, the Natives were segregated from the Whites. In Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved the Country, the main character Stephen Kumalo goes through a journey to restore his tribe. During his journey, he discovers and learns of the injustices in South Africa. Through the parallels and contradictions of biblical allusions, Alan Paton is able to explain the impact of racial inequality in South Africa, but signifies how unconditional love and hopeRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Analysis929 Words   |  4 Pages It is no new information that God tends to take the ordinary people out of their normal lives and make something great out of them. This is exactly what happened to Stephen Kumalo in the book Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton. It is those are are broken and imperfect that God sees something special through. Taking these people out of their brokenness and make the world better through them. Like all the other ordinary people that got brought up by God, Stephen Kumalo’s journey was no different

Thl8234 - Advanced Theory of Poetry - 1969 Words

2013 Study Unit: THL8234 (Advance Theory of Poetry) Assignment Number: 02 Part 1: Textual Analysis of Poetry Question 1: Sketching a Thatcher with metaphors It is certainly true that one of the distinguishing features of poetic texts is the use of figurative or non-literal language – this essay highlights the fact that metaphors do contribute to the understanding of a poem. Ted Hughes’ poem, Sketching a Thatcher, is loaded with vivid imagery and ample metaphorical constructions which aids to validate this fact. In order to uncover the message behind this poem, one must take a closer look at the arguments, focus expressions and tenor/vehicle constructions of at least six local metaphorical constructions†¦show more content†¦The argument â€Å"Lizard-silk† is qualified by the focus expression â€Å"his lizard-skinny hands†. This construction leads one to understand that the thatcher’s hands (tenor) are skinny (adjectival focus) like a lizard (vehicle/ argument), suggesting that the old man’s hands are dry, bony and battered from thatching roofs over the years. The interesting part of the c onstruction is the argument of â€Å"Lizard-silk†, as silk can be associated with qualities of smoothness and elegance, unlike a lizard. This might suggest that –although the old thatcher’s hands are dry and worn out from thatching roofs– he does his work with elegance and grace and makes sure that he does the job right. The sixth and final local metaphorical construction to be explored can be found in line twenty nine, â€Å"Suns have worn him, like an old sun-tool†. Instead of just using animals the poets makes use of nature to help portray the image of the old thatcher. The thatcher (tenor) has spent many a year thatching roofs under the heat of the sun, and has become tanned and rusty like his tools. There are ample metaphorical constructions to be explored in this poem; however, these six constructions are adequate in giving a clear description of the old thatcher and his way of life, thus proving how figurative language does contribute to the understanding ofShow MoreRelatedThl8234 - Advanced Theory of Poetry1985 Words   |  8 Pages2013 Study Unit: THL8234 (Advance Theory of Poetry) Assignment Number: 02 Part 1: Textual Analysis of Poetry Question 1: Sketching a Thatcher with metaphors It is certainly true that one of the distinguishing features of poetic texts is the use of figurative or non-literal language – this essay highlights the fact that metaphors do contribute to the understanding of a poem. Ted Hughes’ poem, Sketching a Thatcher, is loaded with vivid imagery and ample metaphorical constructions

An Analysis of Crowdfunding

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of Crowdfunding. Answer: Introduction: Often it is seen that a person has a great idea but lacks the funds to work on such idea. Such person has no means of attaining the capital required for implantation of the idea. Mere monetary insufficiency should not come in the way of an idea. And to solve this very problem, the concept of Crowdfunding was born. In the following segments, various aspects relating to Crowdfunding have been explained. Crowdfunding is the medium of raising monetary contributions from the general public for funding (Lipton, Herzberg Welsh, 2016) a venture or a project. The general public can include friends, family, consumers or potential investors. Crowdfunding is a collective approach of efforts of a large number of people and the primary source of such funding is online through social media (Young, 2013). There are various Crowdfunding platforms for raising monetary contributions. Such people leverage their network to increase the reach and exposure of Crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a rising trend for raising capital (Laemmermann, 2012). One of the most difficult parts of any business is acquisition of capital, to either start it or to grow it. Banks loans are readily available but are not practical for small or new businesses. The reason behind loans not being practical for such businesses is the lack of significant collateral or established cash flow. Further, a loan application takes a lot of time and efforts and even then an approval is not guaranteed. Crowdfunding provides a wider investor pool and various flexible fundraising options. Through the medium of Crowdfunding, capital is raised for entrepreneurial undertakings, creative and artistic plans and even for not for profit and society oriented social entrepreneurship projects. By raising capital through the medium of Crowdfunding, many startups have skyrocketed, which in absence of funds, would have just been dreamy ventures (Cunningham, 2012). Crowdfunding helps the startups to attain venture capital from several sources over the internet and helps to bridge the gap among undersized and outsized organizations that are at the early stages of developing their businesses. There are various ways to raise capital through Crowdfunding (Freedman Nutting, 2015). It can be a Rewards based Crowdfunding; or a Donation based Crowdfunding; or an Equity based Crowdfunding. As the name suggests, a Rewards based Crowdfunding involves a persons capital to be contributed towards the business in exchange for a reward. This reward can be in the form of products or services offered by the company. This method of Crowdfunding lets the business owners reward their contributor without actually selling any ownership stake or incurring much extra expense (Dresner, 2014). A Donation based Crowdfunding is the communal endeavor of different people for some benevolent reasons. For example, by organizing a civic Crowdfunding, a Donation based Crowdfunding is established as the results of a civic Crowdfunding would be used o improve the public space (Bottiglia Pichler, 2016). An Equity based Crowdfunding permits its contributors to be part owners of the organization by offering them equity shares in return for such contributions. By becoming the equity owners in a company, the contributors attain economic return on their investment and in due course obtain a part of the profits in the manner of dividend or distribution (Australian Government, 2014). An investor has to be vigilant before investing in any Crowdfunding. An investor has to understand the rights they have and need to check the terms of such funding to ensure that the money invested by them would be returned if the start up cancels the project. An investor has to research about the Crowdfunding platform. Lastly, it has to be kept in mind that such projects are experimental in nature and are just prototypes. To establish a successful Crowdfunding campaign, certain factors are to be kept in mind. An enthusiastic group of friends and family is essential who are willing to become the contributors and urge others to become contributors to the fund. A clear and precise business plan is a pre-requisite for such a campaign. And most importantly, the ability to answer any question of the probable contributors makes the whole Crowdfunding campaign a success. The highest reported Crowdfunding till date was for the project Star Citizen (Crawley, 2015). Star Citizen is an online space trading and combat video game which is being developed by Chris Roberts and Cloud Imperium Games. In October 2012, the developers of this began a Crowdfunding campaign on the games website by means of IgnitionDeck which is a Crowdfunding plugin for WordPress. After about just a week into the Crowdfunding crusade, they began raising funds through Kickstarter campaign. Their initial targets of funding were quickly achieved. After that, the developers added new-related goals to the funding campaign to expand the targets of Crowdfunding. The date of the campaign was also extended by ten days to match the end date of Kickstarter and to further raise capital. Just two before the campaign was set to close; the game attained a record of utmost crowdfunded game project with over US $4.2 million. By the end of initial Crowdfund campaign, a total of US $6.2 million had b een raised. Funding was continued even after the end of initial campaign. By mid 2013, Star Citizen became the utmost funded Crowdfunding venture anywhere, by raising a total of US $15 million. Till date, Star Citizen has raised over US $100 million through Crowdfunding and is the best example of a successful commercial Crowdfunding. Not only commercial but social Crowdfunding campaigns are also quite successful. A Crowdfunding campaign for An Hour of Code for Every Student was started through the platform of Indiegogo with the object of raising UD $5 million (Indiegogo, 2015). On December 15, 2014, the end date of this campaign, a total of US $5024281 was raised and the campaign was declared successful. The objective of this campaign stated that each student in each school must get the opportunity to study computer science. So, even social campaigns find success through the medium of Crowdfunding. Even with the growing popularity of crowd sourced funding across the globe; Australia has been slow in recognizing and adapting to this global phenomenon. The Australian regulatory bodies like ASIC (Australian Securities and Investments Commission) have moved to affect the existing regulatory frameworks to Crowdfunding. In 2012, ASIC (Schulz Mollica, 2015) issued various guidelines which contained various factors. These factors included the sort of reward offered to contributors and the manner of platform to be used. Such schemes have been classified as either an administered investment plan or fundraising, as per Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). But the reforms of ASIC are not enough. The equity based Crowdfunding has been emerging as a winner as a means of raising capital. In December 2015, Minister for Small Business and the Assistant Treasurer, Kelly ODwyer, brought in the legislation containing the governments anticipated crowd-sourced equity funding framework, in the Federal Parliament (Farrar, 2016). The legislation has been designed to provide for online fundraising from those people who make economic contributions to an organization in return for an equity stake in the organization. The Corporations Amendment (Crowd-sourced Funding) Bill 2015 (Bill) looks forward to amend theCorporations Act 2001(Cth). Through this Bill, a framework has to be established to assist crowed-sourced funding offers by small unlisted companies. Further, this Bill provides temporary relief to new public companies which are qualified to crowd fund. This Bill also provides temporary relief to such new public companies from the applicable corporate government requirements (Bull and New, 2016). This Bill also gives the Minister a power to provide exemption, to a few financial market and clearing and settlement facility operators, from some specific segments of the Australian market License and clearing and settlement facility licensing regimes. This Bill also seeks to make substantial modifications to the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act, 2001. Keeping in view the earlier suggestions of Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee (CAMAC), the Bill creates some basic rules for Crowdfunding. The Bill states that Crowdfunding will be available for only such unlisted companies who have assets worth less than $5 million and have an annual turnover of less than $5 million (Kollmorgen, 2016). An investment cap has been prescribed as per which, an investor can contribute up to an amount of $10,000 for a period of 12 months (The Treasury, 2015). This Bill provides a protection in the form of a five day cooling off period, during which they can reclaim the invested amount, in case they have second thoughts about such investment. The CAMAC recommendations which have been included in this Bill relate to the cooling off period and the investment cap (Australian Government, 2014). Developed countries around the globe such as United States, Italy and New Zealand have recognized the global phenomenon of Crowdfunding as a source of raising capital. In United States alone, Venture Expert identified all seed level VC funding rounds in high technology (Excluding biotechnology) from March 2009 through July 2012 (Mollick and Robb, 2016). Crowdfunding complements the traditional sources of finance, debt and equity, in a genuine manner. These countries have been very active in developing and implementing laws to regulate crowd-sourced funding. A comprehensive Crowd-sourced equity funding(CSEF) scheme was introduced in New Zealand in mid-2014 and has been quite significant as a reference in the Australian debate on Crowdfunding (LegalVision, 2016). As per the New Zealand scheme, all incorporated entities can raise capital through CSEF. The amount which can be raised by an issuer through CSEF has been capped for a period of 12 months for an amount of NZ $2 million. But this capped limit does not include the contributions made by wholesale investors. Further, a risk acknowledgement statement has to be signed by the investors as per this scheme. On December 01, 2014 the Financial Markets Conduct Act2013(NZ) (FMC Act) and theFinancial Markets Conduct Regulations2014(NZ) (FMC Regulations) came into force, to enable the Crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending services. As per Part 6 of the FMC Act, states three key regulations for laying emphasis on the benefits of Crowdfunding. These include, licensing Crowdfunding service provide rs; setting out disclosure requirements to safeguard the startups and the investors; and providing standards and suitable systems to make certain that there is a limit for a 12 month period for an amount not more than NZ $2 million. The legislative framework of New Zealand has been used to frame the Australian Crowdfunding Bill. Both CAMAC and New Zealand models restrict the amount that a company can raise through Crowdfunding to $2 million for a period of 12 months. Though both the models exclude any funds raised under specific preexisting disclosure exemptions from this investment cap. New Zealands Crowdfunding rules do not necessitate the investors to issue a prospectus of to abide by considerable scrutiny from regulators. Also, there is no cap over the sum that a single investor can invest. So the New Zealand model of Crowdfunding regulations is much more attractive as against the Bill and CAMACs plan as there is no limit for an individual investor. But if the Australian regulations and legislation mirror the New Zealands, it might result in the convergence of both the countries Crowdfunding markets.It is quite clear from the above discussions that Australias current approach towards Crowdfunding has room fo r improvement. Attempts are being made regularly by the Australian Government to understand and respond to the regulatory shortcomings in a better way. The Bill highlights the potential of a successful regulation for Crowdfunding but still, a need for more clarity in the matter of regulations for issuers, intermediaries and investors is needed. To conclude, it would not be wrong to say that Crowdfunding is a hot selling item in the market (Lennon, 2014). Every other startup and even large organizations, for that matter, are raising capital from this source. These organizations prefer Crowdfunding as the source because of the absence of unnecessary hassles. And also, to escape from the high interests charged by banks and financial institutes against the loans, this method is preferred. The sudden boom has given birth to regulatory framework, which have been, till now, unable to catch up with the speed of Crowdfunding industry. But with the latest amendments and the Bill, this shortfall would be dealt with. References Australian Government. Corporation and Markets Advisory Committee (2014) Crows sourced equity funding. May 2014 Bottiglia, R., Pichler, F. (2016) Crowdfunding for SMEs: A Eurpean Perspective. Germany: Springer, p 17 Bull, J., and New, H. (2016) New equity crowd-source funding (CSF) legislation. Corporate Law Bulletin, pp 7-9 Crawley, D. (2015) Star Citizen Crowdfunding passes $100M mark with over 1Mbackers. [Online] VentureBeat. Available from: https://venturebeat.com/2015/12/14/star-citizen-crowdfunding-passes-100m-mark-with-over-1m-backers/ [Accessed 03/09/2016] Cunningham, W.M. (2012) The JOBS Act:Crowdfunding for Small Businesses and Startups. New York: Apress p 21. Dresner, S. (2014) Crowdfunding:A Guide to Raising Capital on the Internet. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Farrar, A. (2016) Crowdfunding in Australia. PKF, 17th Mar. Available from: https://www.pkf.com.au/Media/PKF-Lawler-Blog/2016/March/Crowdfunding-legislation [Accessed 03/09/2016] Freedman, D.M., Nutting, M.R. (2015) A Brief History of Crowdfunding. [Online] Freedman and Nutting. Available from: https://www.freedman-chicago.com/ec4i/History-of-Crowdfunding.pdf [Accessed 03/09/2016] Indiegogo (2015) An Hour of Code for Every Student. [Online] Indiegogo. Available from: https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/an-hour-of-code-for-every-student#/ [Accessed 03/09/2016] Kollmorgen, A. (2016) Are Crowdfunding sites the real winners?. Choice, 15th Feb. Available from: https://www.choice.com.au/money/financial-planning-and-investing/stock-market-investing/articles/crowdfunding-risks-and-rewards [Accessed 03/09/2016] Laemmermann, K. (2012) Crowdfunding. Epubli, P 9LegalVision (2016) What you need to know about Crowdfunding in 2016. [Online] LegalVision. Available from: https://legalvision.com.au/what-you-need-to-know-about-crowdfunding-in-2016/ [Accessed 03/09/2016] Lennon, P. (2014) The Crowdfunding Book:A How-To Book for Entrepreneurs, Writers, and Inventors. Virginia: Author Incubator Lipton, P., Herzberg, A., Welsh, M. (2016) Understanding Company Law. 18th ed. Australia: Thomson Reuters. Mollick, E., and Robb, A. (2016) Democratizing Innovation and Capital Access: The Role Of Crowdfunding. California Management Review, 58(2), p Schulz, L., Mollica, D. (2015) The regulation of Crowdfunding in Austrralia: where are we and whats to come?. [Online] Minter Ellison. Available from: https://m.minterellison.com/files/Uploads/Documents/Publications/Articles/Aus-banking-and-finance-law-bulletin_leigh-schulz-anddomenic-mollica_aug2015.pdf [Accessed 03/09/2016] The Treasury (2015) Facilitating crowd-sourced equity funding and reducing compliance costs for small businesses. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.treasury.gov.au/~/media/Treasury/Consultations%20and%20Reviews/Consultations/2015/Crowd-sourced%20equity%20funding/Key%20Documents/PDF/Crowd-sourced-equity-funding.ashx [Accessed 03/09/2016] Young, T.E. (2013) The Everything Guide to Crowdfunding:Learn how to Use Social Media for Small-business Funding. Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media, p 14.

MBA Student free essay sample

Katie is working in her local NHS hospital on a six-month internship. ,During her time there, the hospital plans the introduction of what they call a Leadership at all Levels programme. All staff are to be encouraged to act as leaders, and Katie is asked to write a report for her manager setmakes a special point of telling Katie that the hospital wants to make its introduction evidencebased. This means, he explains, that he would like her reportto set out the scientific evidence about what works in report, and she think it may also be suitable as the research project for Where do you start with a project like this? Katie wonders. Well, she think. I may as well that it contains very few concrete details. Although it is 16 pages long, there is nothing specifically about what leadership is, nothing about how leadership at all levels Can you articulate a brief, compelling message of change, framed appropriatelyto connect with your staff? But how could chief executives really know whether their answers to such questions were correct? Katie ponders. We will write a custom essay sample on MBA Student or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She feels chiefexecutives are likely to have a vested interest in making their answers fit with what they already believe to be the case. Even if they can put their managerial interests aside, she think thatthe questions arising from the bullet point list such as how ready fo 22 Case 1Reporting evidence from business and management research , Katie is working in her local NHS hospital on a six-month internship. ,During her time there, the hospital plans the introduction of what they call a Leadership at all Levels programme. All staff are to be encouraged to act as leaders, and Katie is asked to write a report for her manager setmakes a special point of telling Katie that the hospital wants to makeits introduction evidencebased. This means, he explains, that he would like her reportto set out the scientific evidence about what works in report, and she think it may also be suitable as the research project for Where do you start with a project like this? Katie wonders. Well, she think. I may as well that it contains very few concrete details. Although it is 16 pages long, there is nothing specifically about what leaders hip is, nothing about how leadership at all levels Can you articulate a brief, compelling message of change, framed appropriatelyto connect with your staff? But how could chief executives really know whether their answers to such questions were correct? Katie ponders. She feels chiefexecutives are likely to have a vested interest in making their answers fit with what they already believe to be the case. Even if they can put their managerial interests aside, she think thatthe questions arising from the bullet point list such as how ready fo 22 Case 1Reporting evidence from business and management research , Katie is working in her local NHS hospital on a six-month internship.,During her time there, the hospital plans the introduction of what they call a Leadership at all Levels programme. All staff are to be encouraged to act as leaders, and Katie is asked to write a report for her manager setmakes a special point of telling Katie that the hospital wants to make its introduction evidencebased. This means, he explains, that he would like her reportto set out the scientific evidence about what works in report, and she think it may also be s uitable as the research project for Where do you start with a project like this? Katie wonders. Well, she think. I may as well that it contains very few concrete details. Although it is 16 pages long, there is nothing specifically about what leadership is, nothing about how leadership at all levels Can you articulate a brief, compelling message of change, framed appropriatelyto connect with your staff? But how could chief executives really know whether their answers to such questions were correct? Katie ponders. She feels chiefexecutives are likely to have a vested interest in making their answers fit with what they already believe to be the case. Even if they can put their managerial interests aside, she think thatthe questions arising from the bullet point list such as how ready fo 22 Case 1Reporting evidence from business and management research , Katie is working in her local NHS hospital on a six-month internship. ,During her time there, the hospital plans the introduction of what they call a Leadership at all Levels programme. All staff are to be encouraged to act as leaders, and Katie is asked to write a report for her manager setmakes a special point of telling Katie that the hospital wants to makeits introduction evidencebased. This means, he explains, that he would like her reportto set out the scientific evidence about what works in report, and she think it may also be suitable as the research project for Where do you start with a project like this? Katie wonders. Well, she think. I may as well that it contains very few concrete details. Although it is 16 pages long, there is nothing specifically about what leaders hip is, nothing about how leadership at all levels Can you articulate a brief, compelling message of change, framed appropriatelyto connect with your staff? But how could chief executives really know whether their answers to such questions were correct? Katie ponders. She feels chiefexecutives are likely to have a vested interest in making their answers fit with what they already believe to be the case. Even if they can put their managerial interests aside, she think thatthe questions arising from the bullet point list such as how ready fo 22 Case 1Reporting evidence from business and management research , Katie is working in her local NHS hospital on a six-month internship. ,During her time there, the hospital plans the introduction of what they call a Leadership at all Levels programme. All staff are to be encouraged to act as leaders, and Katie is asked to write a report for her manager setmakes a special point of telling Katie that the hospital wants to make its introduction evidencebased. This means, he explains, that he would like her reportto set out the scientific evidence about what works in report, and she think it may also be suitable as the research project for Where do you start with a project like this? Katie wonders. Well, she think. I may as well that it contains very few concrete details. Although it is 16 pages long, there is nothing specifically about what leadership is, nothing about how leadership at all levels Can you articulate a brief, compelling message of change, framed appropriatelyto connect with your staff? But how could chief executives really know whether their answers to such questions were correct? Katie ponders. She feels chiefexecutives are likely to have a vested interest in making their answers fit with what they already believe to be the case. Even if they can put their managerial interests aside, she think thatthe questions arising from the bullet point list such as how ready fo

First Electric Toaster, Pop-Up Toast, and Sliced Bread

First Electric Toaster, Pop-Up Toast, and Sliced Bread Toasting began as a method of prolonging the life of bread. It  was initially toasted over open fires with tools to hold it in place until it was properly browned. Toasting  was a very common activity in Roman times; tostum is the Latin word for scorching or burning. As the Romans traveled throughout Europe vanquishing their foes in early times, it’s said that they took their toasted bread right along with them. The British developed a fondness for the Romans toast and introduced it in the Americas when they crossed the ocean. The First Electric Toasters The first electric toaster was invented in 1893 by Alan MacMasters in Scotland. He called the device the â€Å"Eclipse Toaster,† and it was manufactured and marketed by the Crompton Company. This early toaster was reinvented in 1909 in the U.S. when Frank Shailor patented his idea for the â€Å"D-12† toaster. General Electric ran with the idea and introduced it for use in the home. Unfortunately, it only toasted one side of the bread at a time and it required that someone stand by to manually turn it off when the toast looked done. Westinghouse followed with its own version of a toaster in 1914, and the Copeman Electric Stove Company added an â€Å"automatic bread turner† to its toaster in 1915. Charles Strite invented the modern timed pop-up toaster in 1919. Today, the toaster is the most common household appliance although it’s only  been in existence in the U.S. a little over 100 years. An unusual online museum is dedicated to the toaster, with lots of photos and historical information. Otto Frederick Rohwedder and Sliced Bread Otto Frederick Rohwedder invented the bread slicer. He first began working on it in 1912 when he came up with the idea of a device that would hold the slices together with hat pins. This was not a resounding success. In 1928, he went on to design a machine that sliced and wrapped the bread to prevent it from going stale. The Chillicothe Baking Company of Chillicothe, Missouri started selling Kleen Maid Sliced Bread on July 7, 1928, possibly the first sliced bread sold commercially. Pre-sliced bread was further popularized by Wonder Bread in 1930, helping to spread the toasters popularity even further. The Sandwich Long before Rohwedder figured out how to efficiently slice bread and before Shailor patented the first American toaster, John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich, originated the name â€Å"sandwich† in the 18th century. Montagu was a British politician who served as secretary of state and first lord of the Admiralty. He presided at the Admiralty during the British defeats of the American Revolution, and he was notoriously unpopular for his charges of obscenity against John Wilkes.  He loved to eat beef between slices of bread. His  sandwich allowed the Earl to leave one hand free for card playing.  Hawaiis Sandwich Islands are rumored to have been named after him by Captain James Cook in 1778.

Why do you think Humanities courses are required Essay

Why do you think Humanities courses are required - Essay Example Additionally, by understanding the shortcomings of worldviews that have been tried and failed, we are given adequate warning about the fate of many similar ideals that might be practiced within our own lifetimes. By understanding the nuances of the past and the reasons why the past has given way to the present we are able to better understand how and why we are where we are today. Additionally, humanities (as their very name implies) gives us a full and complete picture of the human condition; replete with all of its rationality and irrationality. Unlike the hard sciences, humanities teach us that human nature is a fluid and liquid ideal that can be molded and bent to the will of powerful leadership dynamics for both good and bad purposes. This in turn reminds us that the way in which we study and understand the humanities is directly linked to how well we will be able to determine our own future for ourselves and our

Please reword the answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Please reword the answers - Essay Example She impersonates a legitimate user to avoid detection. This makes the users think that the IP address for the printer is associated with the MAC (Media Access Control) address of Beatrice. Consequently, the software for the printer thinks that each of the users printing a document has Beatrice’s MAC address. As a matter of fact, Beatrice (as a man in the middle) passively eavesdrops on all the documents being sent by users to the printer. Describe a data structure for keeping track of all open TCP connections for a machine. The data structure should support e_ciently adding and deleting connections and searching by host, source port, and destination port. For the data structure, one needs to create a record for each connection of available TCP (transmission control protocol) connection and store all records in a double linked list Q. the double linked list ought to support insertions and deletions within constant time; assuming that a link to the record to be deleted/inserted is provided. In order to search competently for a TCP connection record by either using host or source port or destination port, create three search structures such as red-black trees or hash tables that store items of the type (x; y), in which x is the search key and y is a link to a connection record in Q. An intruder can get an upper hand by stealthily watching legitimate users for a week because by doing so he can determine what is normal and or accepted behaviors for each user (Shannon, p. 25-32). Consequently, he can try to mimic or imitate the noted behaviors of which minimize the probability of raising any intrusion alarms when he attacks the victim computer. All in all, the intruder would find it relatively easy to attack such a machine by watching and analyzing user’s behavior. Describe a modi_cation to the random port scan, as described in the previous

Globalisation And Social Security Politics Essay

Globalisation And Social Security Politics Essay The underlying idea behind social security measures is that it is a duty of the society to protect the working class that contributes to the welfare of the society against hazard. It protects not just the workman, but also his entire family in financial security and health care. The Sate bears the primary responsibility for developing appropriate system for providing protection and assistance to its workforce. Hence, a welfare state is expected to engage in all activities necessary for the promotion of the social and economic welfare of the community. But, globalisation has affected the capacity of the welfare state. This chapter undertakes the review of the literature. The chapter is organized as follows: Section 2.1 evaluates relationship between globalisation and social security and with the welfare State. Section 2.2 determines the relationship between welfare economics and social security. Section 2.3 examines the social security in developed and developing countries. Section 2.4 discusses the public action as a strategy for social security in developing countries. Section 2.5 evaluates social security in India and in Indian States. Section 2.6 compares the social security in organized and unorganized sector. Section 2.7 examines the resettlement and welfare of retired Defence personnel (ESM) / Veterans: Problems and solutions. Section 2.8 concludes the study. To have a better understanding about the impact of globalisation on social security, a review of the different studies carried out in different dimensions is essential. For the convenience of the study the literature reviewed have been classified into three categories as (a) issues related to globalisation, social security, welfare state and welfare economics, (b) issues related to social security in developed countries and in developing countries especially in India and (c) issues related to resettlement and welfare of ESM (PBOR). 2.1 Globalisation and Social Security There are few studies based on the exact relationship between globalization and social security. Most of the studies analysed globalisation in relation to its impact on welfare state. In the first perspective, DHaeseleer, Steven and Berghman, Jos (2005), argued that challenges of globalization for social security systems are real and it increases the need for redesigning social security. The study concluded by suggesting that social security provision in low-income countries should be organized in a complementary way, drawing on the strengths of both formal and informal arrangements. Future reforms should be attempted to promote economic development and international economic integration. Similar analyses offered by Dries Crevits and Bea Van Buggenhout (2005), the study attempts to assess the impact of the process of globalisation on social protection. Analysis of globalisation shows that it has increased the need for socially protective measures, considering the fact that it causes more inequality, and insecurity concerning jobs and earnings and that it has increased the territorial mobility of employees and employers. At the same time, globalisation constitutes a threat for the existing levels of social protection, as pointed out by the social dumping hypothesis. Social policy makers therefore face some tremendous challenges, building a frame for a generalised basic social protection at a global level, securing the financing of existing social security systems and adapting the schemes to the increased mobility. Jitka Dolezalova (2001), analysed the influence of globalisation on systems of Social Security in Europe. Globalisation forces the countries to compete for the investments with lower taxes, and lower social contributions. The influence of globalisation is becoming more and more substantial and globalisation process will force the Social Security Systems on a revision. Dutt, Amitava Krishna and J. Mohan Rao (2001), study recorded diverse views about effects of economic reforms on social outcomes. It analysed that employment and wages are the most important potential channels through which the social impact of globalization can be felt. Further, the study point out that impact of globalisation can be seen in government policy for spending on social security programmes. 2.1.1 Globalisation, social security and welfare State The relationship between globalization and welfare state is addressed in this section. There is a wide divergence of views as to how globalization impacts on the welfare state. In most of the studies, international comparisons tend to be confined to particular organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in welfare spending such as Germany, Britain, Japan, Sweden, and the USA, and neglected the developing countries. Bowles, Paul and Barnet Wagman (1997), identified four hypotheses concerning the relationship between globalization and welfare state in the context of OECD countries namely, downward harmonization hypothesis, upward convergence hypothesis, the convergence hypothesis and the globalization irrelevance hypothesis. To prove the hypothesis the indicators like welfare state spending on education, health and social security and welfare has been used. The results shown that globalization may indeed have posed a challenge to the welfare state. Rudra, Nita (2004), investigates the relationship between openness, government social expenditures (i.e., education, health, and social security and welfare), and income distribution through a time-series cross-sectional panel data set for 35 less developed countries (LDCs) from 1972 to 1996. The results show that while all categories of social spending help improve income distribution in richer countries, the effects of social spending are much less favourable in LDCs. Only spending on education in LDCs encourages a more favorable distribution of income in the face of globalization. The pressures of a more competitive global economy increase incentives for more redistributive education spending, whereas publicly sponsored health programs and, particularly, social security and welfare programs confront greater political lobbying. Deacon, Bob (2000), argues that neoliberal globalization is presenting a challenge to welfare provisioning in the industrialized countries and to the prospects for equitable social development in developing and transition economies. This challenge flows partly from the unregulated nature of the emerging global economy and partly from intellectual currents dominant in the global discourse concerning social policy and social development. The study contends that certain global conditions are undermining the prospects for the alternative: equitable public social provision in both developed and developing countries. These conditions include the World Banks preference for a safety-net and privatizing strategy for welfare; the self-interest of international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in providing basic education, health and livelihood services that might otherwise be provided by the state; and the World Trade Organizations (WTOs) push for an open global market in health services, education and social insurance. Ming-Chnag Tsai (2007), study investigated the effect of globalization on progress in human well-being by using a time-series cross-national data during 1980-2000, a period that observed an extremely high tide of global flows crossing borders to deepen international economic integration, establish supranational governance, and foster cultural harmonization. The study contributes in offering a theoretical model and providing empirical evidence by testing the hypothesized relationship between globalization and human well-being. It is concluded that globalization identified by increased global flows and exchanges contributes rather than hampers progress in human welfare. Stefanie, Walter (2010), discussed how globalization affects the welfare state. Based on survey data from Switzerland, the study provides empirical micro foundations for the compensation hypothesis. It finds that globalization losers are more likely to express feelings of economic insecurity. Such feelings, in turn, increase preferences for welfare state expansion, which in turn increase the likelihood of voting for the Social Democratic Party. The analysis also shows that globalization losers and winners differ significantly with regard to their social policy preferences and their propensity to vote for left parties. Burgoon, Brain (2001), argued that globalisation may have varying effects on welfare policy. It can spark more concentrated demand for welfare compensation or less compensation. The vulnerable group demand for more compensation. To prove the same, a cross-sectional data on the relationship between openness and welfare spending for eighteen OECD countries for the period 1961-94 analysed with regression analysis. The result shows that openness has a slight effect on welfare outcomes and therefore, it is not the most important determinant of welfare efforts in OECD countries. From the above review, it is possible to identify two main arguments about the current and future condition of the welfare state under globalization: the first of these claims that globalization erodes the welfare states and its foundations; the second claims that globalization effects are absorbed and mediated by the welfare state. 2.2 Welfare Economics and social security From macro-economics angle, social security policies are always analysed within the framework of welfare state theories. The extent of welfarism undertaken by the nation-states consequently, became the benchmark in understanding different social security mechanisms. This approach evaluates social security policies in terms of the quantum of the programmes and aggregate of expenditures. On the other side, micro-economics analyse the issue of social security and welfare  [1]  policies in the framework of welfare economics. Welfare economics examine the effects of economic policies on the welfare level of individuals or groups of people (social welfare). Social security is a part of economic policy which contributes to social welfare. To compare situations in the society economists had constructed welfare criterias. A brief historical survey of welfare economics will provide us the tools given by welfare economics to measure the welfare and maximising the social welfare. The theory underlying social welfare can be traced back to the welfare economics. It is discussed below. Classical Economist on social welfare Jeremy Bentham  [2]  defined social welfare as the sum total of the happiness (or welfare) of all the individuals in society. Following Benthams doctrine, Pigou (1920) defined social welfare as the arithmetic sum of the individual welfare. According to him, social welfare increases if there is an increase in national dividend without any increase in the supply of factors, and a transfer of wealth from rich to the poor. In nutshell, social welfare was regarded by the economists of cardinal utility tradition as the arithmetic sum of the utility gained by the individual members of society. This concept of social welfare has, however, met with certain serious objections. First, it is argued that utility cannot be cardinally measured and, hence, cannot be added to obtain the social welfare. It is, therefore, meaningless to define social welfare as the sum of the individual utilities. This objection is universally accepted. Secondly, it is also widely accepted that ordinal measurement of utilities is not possible either and, therefore, inter-personal comparison of utilities is not possible in an objective or scientific manner. It would, therefore, not be possible to determine how a change in existing pattern of resource allocation would affect the aggregate welfare unless it is unrealistically assumed that all individuals have identical income-utility and commodity-utility functions. Owing to these problems, Benthams and Pigovian concepts of social welfare had become in- operational, in the sense that, it cannot be used objectively in any policy formulation. Therefore, th e cardinal utilitarian thesis that the welfare of different individuals could be added up to arrive at the welfare of society had to be abandoned. The need for to judge the events and policies economically, leads to development of the idea of social optimum by Pareto (1896). Pareto: Concept of Welfare This concept is central to Paretos welfare economics. According to Pareto, although it is not possible to measure and add up utilities of individuals to arrive at the total social welfare, it is possible to determine whether social welfare is optimum. Conceptually, social welfare is said to be optimum when nobody can be made better-off without making somebody worse-off. Its important to note that Paretos concept of social optimum does not define or suggest a magnitude of optimum social welfare. Pareto was concerned with the question whether the magnitude of social welfare from a given economic situation can be or cannot be increased by changing the economic situation. The test of increase in social welfare is that at least one person should be made better-off without making anybody else worse-off. The Modern View of Social Optimum According to the modern view of social optimum, it is difficult to conceive economic policies which can improve the welfare of an individual without injuring the other. To overcome this problem, economists, viz., Kaldor-Hicks (1939) have evolved the compensation principle. It asserts that, even if the economic change makes some person better off and other worse off, the change is still desirable provided the gainers can compensate the losers for their loss. This principle recognizes that most economic policy measures make some one better off and someone worse off. It does not attempt to quantify the total social welfare. It concerns itself with only the indicators of change in welfare. The present study applies Kaldor-Hicks compensation criteria to analyse the impact of globalisation on social security (with respect to resettlement and welfare benefits) of retired army PBOR. It has been discussed in detail in chapter-3. The concept of social security has been playing important role in developed as well as in developing countries. The following section reviews the literature on social security in developed and developing countries. 2.3 Social Security in developed and developing Countries Johanees, Jutting (1999), overviewed the kinds of social security systems that are currently in place in developed and developing countries. It dealt with the reasons for the failure of the State and the market in providing social security in the developing countries. It presents an overview of the importance of the State, market, community and private household-based social security systems in the developing world. Midgley, James (1984), analysed the growth of social security system in developing countries, in African, Asian and Central and S. American countries during the colonial period. Although more and more developing countries established social security schemes covering a large number of contingencies since the mid 50s, the situation is basically similar to that of the pre-war colonial period when a very small number of individuals and their dependents were covered by social security. The system caters only to small proportion of the labour force engaged in regular wage or salaried employment in the urban areas of developing countries, while the majority of the population who work in subsistence agriculture in the urban informal sector is excluded. Dreze, Jean and Amartya Sen (1999), addressed some foundational and strategic issues of social security, including the nature and form of human deprivation, the distinction between protective and promotional social security, the interconnections between economic growth and public support, the influence of market mechanism, and the relationship between State action and public action. Atkinson, A.B. and John Hills (1999), investigated the relevance of the experiences of the developed countries to the strategy of social security in developing countries. They bring out how the social security system of developed countries has evolved along quite different routes, in response to country specific objectives, constraints and pressures. Wouter van Ginneken (2003), reviewed the main trends and policy issues with regard to the extension of social security in developing countries. It shows that in many middle-income countries, statutory social insurance can form the basis for the extension process. However, this is generally not so in the low-income countries, where only a small minority of the population is covered by social security. The paper concludes national policies should consist of improving and reforming statutory social insurance programmes, of promoting community and area based social insurance schemes. The above studies are related to types of social security system, growth and trends of social security in developed and developing countries. It also reveals that the issues in developing countries, where the social security is yet to become full fledged, are however, entirely different from the developed countries. There are very few studies on social security systems in the developing countries. 2.4 Public Action A strategy for Social Security in developing countries The ILO defines social security vary narrowly and advocates strategy of social insurance and social assistance for providing social security. It does not capture the socio-economic conditions (deprivation and vulnerability) of developing countries like India (discussed in detail in chapter-3). Therefore, public action has been suggested as a strategy to provide social security in developing countries. In this context, Dreze, Jean and Amartya Sen (1999) argued on the basis of economic analysis as well as empirical evidence, that public support has an irreplaceable role to play in removing deprivation and vulnerability, and that this role can be played quite effectively even at an early stage of development. Burges, Robin and Nicholas Stern (1999) provided a systematic analysis of the content of social security, the motivation for public support, the possible contributions of different agents, and the dilemmas that public action has to face. The study strongly supported for extensive public involvement in the fields of social security. Agarwal, Bina (1999) investigates some aspects of the relation between public action and family relations in the provision of social security. This study examines the survival strategies of vulnerable households, with special attention to issues of intra-household inequalities. The study brings out the close connection between the external and internal vulnerabilities of particular household and suggests public action to support more vulnerable individuals. Datta, Rakesh (1998) studied mathadi labour market in Mumbai where unionization of mathadi workers as a case of public action enabled the manual workers in unorganised sector to achieve protective Social Security benefits. The study suggested that public action can play a central role in ensuring expansion and monitoring of social security. Ambalavanam V and S Madheswaran (2001), analysed the social protection measures available to urban informal sector workers in Erode district of Tamil Nadu. Public action was suggested towards the goal of extending social cover to wider population on the line of traditional societies protecting the interest of the people in a locality. 2.3 Social Security in India In the Indian context, Varandani, G (1987), discussed the historical development of the concept of social security workers for Industrial workers in India since ancient times. The study observed that although the constitution of India imposed on the State to protect the interest of industrial workers either by statutory or non-statutory measures or with the help of economic institutions but the State has not succeeded up to now to achieve the satisfactory results in the field by providing sufficient social security benefits to the Industrial workers. The cause attributed for failure of the State is the lack of proper planning, improper implementation, and lack of sufficient fund with the government. Subrahmanya, R.K.A. (1995), analysed the social security schemes promotional and protective schemes provided by the Central government, State governments, and Private sector to the employees both, in the organised sector and unorganised sector. The study pointed out that social security system in India is characterized by multiplicity and heterogeneity of schemes administered by different agencies namely Central government, State governments and also by some voluntary organizations. The cash benefits under the ESI scheme and the schemes under the EPF act administered by Central organization, the administration of all other schemes is in the hands of the State Governments. A coordinated approach has been lacking. It leading to wide gaps in the coverage hand and overlapping of benefits. As there is no unified system of social security, there is also no uniform coverage. Different groups of the people receive different types of benefits. Planning Commission report on Labour and Employment in the Tenth plan (2002) examined the efforts made through earlier plans to extend the coverage of social security through various acts and laws as well as through programmes viz. social insurance schemes, centrally funded social assistance programmes, social welfare funds etc. It suggested in the tenth plan to provide the social security to the organized and unorganized sector workers on self-sustaining and self-financing basis without putting any additional pressure on the budget of the government. It advocated that in time of liberalisation and globalisation, there is a need of comprehensive social security policy for a large section of the society by integrating the services of the existing schemes Wardhan, S. K. (1992) studied the role of social security in the context of stabilization and structural adjustment programmes and change in the new industrial policy of India. The restructuring of the industry may substantially add to number of unemployed and create serious and additional social problems. The existing social security can play a substantial role in the alleviation of the suffering caused by displacement of labour due to restructuring of the economy. It stressed that there should be a single agency providing comprehensive package of social insurance including unemployment benefits. Hirway, Indira (1994) argued that inspite of recent shift in policy towards market economy and the resource constraint the government could not evade that responsibility. A comprehensive and integrated system of social security in India would have to comprise of a variety of elements based on anti-poverty programme covering not only the workers but also the unemployed and the destitute in the form of social assistance as well as social insurance. Prabhu, K Seeta (2001), viewed that the provision of socio-economic security in India has been unsatisfactory. The Government and the community constitute the two pillars that need to be strengthened for meeting the genuine need for socio-economic security of the masses in India, particularly during the period of economic reforms. Jetli, N.K. (2004) studied that the social security situation in India is characterized by ambiguity in policy and responsibility. There is a variety of schemes but these have been framed at various point of time and, therefore, do not confirm to any overall design reflecting a comprehensive and consistent policy or direction. Report of the Study Group on Social Security (2002) recommended for an integrated and comprehensive system of Social Security in India which will encompass the whole population of diverse needs. It cannot be a single scheme but a combination of schemes catering to the needs of different groups with different needs and different paying capacities. To cover the entire population the study group suggested four tier structure Social Assistance programmes financed wholly tax based and financed from the exchequer Schemes which are partly contributory and partly subsidized by the State Wholly contributory Social Insurance schemes Voluntary schemes On social security expenditure, Dev, S Mahendra and Jos Mooji (2002), examined trends in social sector expenditure in the central and state budgets for 1990-91 to 2000-2001. In this analysis they included social services as well as rural development expenditure. They would like to conclude with two observations. First, there is an urgent need for steeping up social sector expenditure. Second, there is an obvious need for stepping up social sector expenditure. Similarly, Prabhu, K Seeta (2001), also analysed the protective and promotional security expenditures of the Union government and 15 major State governments. 2.5.1 Social Security in Indian States Dev, S Mahendra (2002,) reviewed the experience of the growth-mediated  [3]  and support-led social security arrangements for the unorganised sector in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The author argued that, in the context of marketisation, there is a substantial section of society which does not have the resource power to enter into market operations. The government and those who are already in the market have the responsibility in providing Social Security for the large sections of unorganised workers and other vulnerable groups who are out of the market. But, the government cannot provide security to these workers as there are limits to its administrative and financial capacity. There is a need for public-private partnership in providing social and economic security for unorganised workers. Kannan, K.P. and Shaji K Francis (2001), highlighted the impressive performance of social sectors achieved mainly through State-sponsored social security measures with public support in Kerala. Compared to other States, Kerala spends a larger share of its budgetary resources on State-assisted social security programmes like food security and employment security, which need to further strengthened rather than expanded. It also demonstrates the possibility of extending the provisioning of social security to a larger proportion of population who are outside the formal sector of employment. Unni, Jeemol and Uma Rani (2001), carried out a study on social protection in informal economy for informal workers in Gujrat. Traditionally, social security instruments addressed contingencies arising from random shocks and only affecting basic securities such as illness or sudden death. In globalising world, social protection in the context of poor informal workers needs to address both the economic and basic security issues. Besides, the government, private market and NGO initiatives need to be strengthened and many pore innovative approaches have to be devised to bring social protection to poor informal workers. Vijay, G (2001), analysed social security of labour in the post-liberalisation period in new industrial towns with reference to the State of Andhra Pradesh. It views that; the opening up of markets has resulted in the growth of new industries. The most obvious impact of this has been an increase in the process of flexiblisation and, therefore informalisation in the new industries, resulting in the conditions of labour supply becoming highly vulnerable. Examining the social security benefits of labour in the context of its informalisation, the Mehboob Nagar case reveals that besides the well-recognized insecurities like lack of job security and absence of minimum level of wages, inadequate housing and health facilities, old age and retirement benefits, several other insecurities are faced by the contract and casual labourers. 2.6 Social security in organized and unorganized sector: Methods, problems and solution Thakur, C.P. and C.S. Venkat Ratnam (2001), analysed social security for organised sector in the background of constitutional and legal provisions. The emerging trends, in the wake of structural adjustment programme shows that, the government continues to have welfare orientation but is both reluctant and unable to raise contributions commensurate with the needs from its budgetary resources. Its prime concern seems mainly to encourage savings in the economy. As far as employees are concerned, they want income and other sources of security for their employees, which is efficiency enhancing. Workers interest continues to lie in seeking further improvement of existing benefits. Dev, S Mahendra (1996) reviewed the performance and issues relating to concept, policies, financing and effectiveness of social security for Indian workers in the unorganised sector. The performance and issues relate to five types of social securities, namely, food, employment, health, education and women. The performance has not been satisfactory during the first few years of the reform period. Expenditure in some of the social security programmes may have to be increased in order to cushion the poor during the reform period in order to face the negative consequences of reforms. However, in the short and medium terms, the social security programmes (both promotional and preventive) may have to be continued till economic growth makes some of these programmes redundant. For effective implementation of the programmes, there is a need to have decentralization, transparency in decision making, right to information and social mobilization. On the ways to provide social security, Ginneken, N.V. (1998), viewed that employment is the most important guarantee for social protection in both the organized and unorganized sector. It provides the basis for earnings, part of which can be saved for insurance -private or social. Social security protection is not just the consequence of a sufficient level of earnings: it also contributes to greater productivity and earnings. Guhan, S (1993), analysed the problem of social security for the unorganized poor in general. Providing access to assets for the poor is a basic form of social security. The assistance in the form of creation of assets, assurance of minimum wages, food security, subsidized insurance and social assistance for various purposes could provide social security to different groups. Pillai, S Mohanan (1996) provided an empirical verification of the effectiveness of welfare fund schemes in providing Social Security to the casual workers in the unorganised sector through a case study of scheme for the welfare of loading workers. The study revealed that the welfare funds scheme has brought about drastic changes in the living conditions of the workers both socially and economically. It found be a new experiment not only in providing social security to the under-privileged segments of the workforce but also in the financing of social security for unorganized sector in a resource constrained economy. Ginneken, N.V. (1998) highlighted the major problems pertaining to the existing measures of social protection a. Inadequacy of coverage and benefits of social security Existence of wide variations in standards of social security, eligibility criteria and scale of be

Revenue Cycle Management Essay -- essays research papers

Synopsis - Integrated solution for Revenue Cycle Management and Medical Records Overview Physician practices are being called on to do more than ever before. Today’s physicians must treat more patients, document interactions more meticulously, wrangle with more complex managed care rules, keep track of an ever-expanding array of drugs, submit and track claims and pay rising malpractice insurance bills. In many cases, physicians must treat 20 percent more patients than they did five years ago to generate the same revenue. In the face of these burdens, some practices are struggling to remain financially viable. For many practices, the biggest impediment to meeting these challenges is continual administrative burden, a lack of automated clinical documentation, and inefficient practice workflow systems. Despite the dramatic advances in many areas of healthcare technology over the past several years, most physician practices—especially small and midsize ones—are still using the same manual and paper-based office management systems they’ve used for decades. With mounting pressure from insurers, government agencies, and patients, physician practices need to reexamine the ways they work and interact. As physicians see more patients and insurers demand reformed documentation for rapid processing of claims, the manual healthcare systems that were adequate in the past will become less and less able to meet new demands. The problem The paperwork burden among solo/small group physician...

Globalization of Impact in Society Essay

The technique and fundamentals used within different parts of the world vary significantly, for modern values prevail. The vastness of globalization has impacted a majority of nations across the world. One way of looking at Globalization through the advantages and disadvantages of its nature is to overlook society’s changes from generation to generation. The complexities of convergence through trade and social processes establish a variety of commodities between cultures. In part of sharing heritages of different cultures the experience of new found goods in intellect and materialistic sources take our interest in influencing positive or negative reactions. W. J. Perry a cultural anthropologist leader wrote a Journal over culture. In the journal he talks about the diversity among cultures and the meaning behind civilizations. He states, â€Å"that various peoples, in different parts of the earth, had, independently of one another, elaborated the fundamentals of arts and crafts† (Perry 105). He describes an interesting point specifying of how the process of these experiences occur, â€Å"independently†. The exposure to foreign cultural goods frequently brings about changes in local cultures, values, and traditions. For instance, local farmers who have traditionally earned a living by working their small plots of family-owned land and selling their goods locally may find reason to be concerned by globalization because new availability of foreign foods in a market- often at cheaper prices- can displace local farmers. Such causes make local residents to hate some variations of globalization. Lieber and Weisberg in â€Å"Globalization, Culture, and Identities in Crisis† give an example of why some hate globalization. â€Å"Others, however, have treated globalization of culture as an evil because of their fears of the pervasive power and duplicity of multinational corporations or international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (Globalization Crisis, Lieber, Weisberg). On the other hand, there are others whom appreciate the resources that globalization brings from foreign places because there is a sympathetic relation to the arts and crafts available and produced by someone who is thousands of miles away for their unique work in particular subjects, like sculptures, food, clothing, books, jewelry, music, and so much more. Lieber and Weisberg also provide an example of the good side of globalization. â€Å"One observer has asserted that, ‘†¦globalization promotes integration and the removal not only of cultural barriers but many of the negative dimensions of culture. Globalization is a vital step toward both a more stable world and better lives for the people within it’† (Globalization Crisis, Lieber, Weisberg). This is a good point because for some regions in part of the world there are some cultures where such kind of integration can improve or further an interest towards one’s well being; for all human beings share a common notion of intellect. A great revolution occurred through technology, The Information Revolution. Many fundamentalist challenge their skills in competing with this new stream of information such as the computer systems, Ethernet, music, movies, and advertising media. This has created a new movement for individuals not only to work within the field and have a source of income and opportunity to grow in the ambition one seeks but it opens a far more modern aspect of enabling a growing culture all over the world. Since technology and computer systems are relevant in many places around the world today this challenges a new generation with new resources to obtain and fit-in as a means of their culture something that did not exist generations before. It allows for prosperity, however, in some areas there still exists a culture that decide to not be influenced by other cultures instead they are enduring a traditional way of living a society that has carried on from generation to generation without technological growth, they are contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. The nature of the hunter-gatherer persisted in technological techniques to specialize in the domain of survival, using techniques that enable men to use resources in creative measures. As Perry states as well in his journal Tradition, talking about hunter gatherer societies; â€Å"Who still persist in outlying parts of the world† (Perry 106). The level of advancement of a civilization is often measured by its progress in agriculture, trade, performance and abilities of oneself/occupation, and ranking within community distinguish the natural rights of oneself. There is a theory called â€Å"Tabula rasa,† that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that their knowledge comes from ones experience and perception† (Locke, John). Locke’s ability to understand this quality of human intellect is very profound. Tradition is an inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, action, or behavior with cultural continuity in social attitudes, customs, and institutions. Characterizing an individual towards a manner, method, or style such as in America the way of living is much different especially during the midcentury where access to safe, inexpensive electricity was available and made at times simple. Having toasters to house lights to refrigeration, the effects were significant for many Americans. However, not all people benefited from the technological advances that America was attaining. In India and Latin America people did not have the ease access to electricity or technological equipment for the resources a typical American home would have such as the toaster or refrigerator (Jetsetcitizen). The differences between the resources available for a particular society measure considerably in the lack of or more of such customs. Michael Kaye in his journal Tradition condenses the means of this difference very well.

Tampopo Food Values - 1791 Words

How could food, such an inanimate object, have so much value in many different cultures? I am going to write about Tampopo because food has a strong presence in it. I want to show that food in Tampopo has cultural value and demonstrates the blending of different cultures through the food. Others have written about the obsession of food that is shown in the film and the aesthetics of preparing and capturing the beauty of ramen. But, I want to continue proving that the food in Tampopo has cultural values tied to them. Tampopo displays a wide variety of food that mirrors the culture of modern Japan. Tampopo especially shows the different cultural food that is eaten: Japanese, Chinese, and European. While traditional Japanese culture has been†¦show more content†¦Goro and Tampopo visits the â€Å"old master† who lives with a group of homeless people. The old master cleans up and teaches Tampopo. Goro saves an old man from choking and the old man repays Goro by having his chauffer, Shohei helps improve Tampopo’s noodles. Goro encourages Tampopo to rename her shop from â€Å"Lai Lai† to â€Å"Tampopo.† Goro and Pisken meet again to fight, but this time without his men. The fight ends in a draw and Pisken tells Goro he is a contractor and wants to help Tampopo fix up her shop. Tampopo’s noodles are still lacking â€Å"character† so, Pisken decides to share his recipe. The teachers that taught Tampopo tries her latest creation and they ate every single bite and left the bowl empty. Tampopo knew that her ramen was very good now. The teachers leave one by one as more customers fill up Tampopo’s newly decorated shop. The main story is also intertwined with short scenes that did not add to the story. These scenes mainly focused on people being obsessed with food and how we interact with food every day. The side-scene that had the most significance was the gangster and his girlfriend. They use food erotically. Using whip cream and licking it off the breast. Another iconic scene is in the beginning where a master and an apprentice are eating ramen and the apprentice asked how to eat the noodles. Rice holds the element of both the mirroring and mixing of Japanese