Using the French Expression Ça Va in Conversation

The expression  Ãƒ §a  va  (pronounced sah vah)  is one of the most common phrases in French. Improve your skills by learning the correct way to use the phrase à §a  va  in a sentence or dialogue. Meaning of Ça Va Literally translated, à §a  va means it goes. Used in casual conversation,  it can be both a question and a reply, but its an informal expression. You probably wouldnt want to ask your boss or a stranger this question unless the setting was casual. But if youre speaking with people whom you know, such as family and friends,  Ãƒ §a  va is perfectly acceptable. Asking a Question One of the most common uses of à §a  va  is as a greeting or to ask how someone is doing. For example: Salut, Guy, à §a va? /  Hi, Guy, hows it going?Comment à §a va? /  Hows it going? The expression can also be used with a subject or object. Note that the phrase doesnt vary. No change is necessary for a plural subject: Ça va les filles? /  Hows it going, girls?Ça va le nouvel ordi? /  Hows the new computer working? You can also use the phrase to ask whether something just discussed is acceptable: On va partir vers midi, à §a va? / Well leave around noon, is that OK? Does that work for you? Using Ça Va in Conversation You can answer any of the previous examples as well as any similar questions with à §a va  in conversations. The dialogue below provides an example of how to use the phrase when talking informally with a friend or acquaintance. The sentences are listed in French on the left followed by the English translation. Ça va, Marc?  /  Hows it going, Marc?Oui, à §a  va. / Fine.Tu vas bien, Andrà ©? /  Are you OK, Andrà ©?Ça va. /  Yes, Im OK.Il faut à ªtre prà ªt dans une heure, à §a va  ? / You have to be ready in an hour, OK?Ça va. / OK. The expression à §a  va can also be an exclamation: Oh! Ça va! /  Hey, thats enough! Other Uses Ça va plus an infinitive can mean simply it will. This construction can be useful when youre speaking about something that will occur, but you dont know precisely when. For instance: Ça va venir / Itll happen, it will come. Ça va plus an indirect object pronoun means, That looks good on ___, or It suits ___. For instance, a pair of friends shopping for clothes might have this exchange: Ça te va (bien)  / That suits you.Ça lui va bien / That looks good on him/her. Variations of Ça Va The table below provides a few other ways to use  Ãƒ §a  va.  The first column gives the sentence with  Ãƒ §a  va  in French, while the second column provides the English translation. French English Translation Ça va aller? Will it be OK? Will that work? Ça va aller It will be OK. Ça va bien? Is it going well? Are you doing well? Ça va bien It's going well. I'm doing well. Ça va mal It's going badly. I'm not doing so well. Ça (ne) va pas It's not going well. It's not OK. Practice using  Ãƒ §a  va  with another student working to learn the language and youll soon be using this important French phrase like a native speaker.

Theodore Roosevelt And The Progressive Era - 1392 Words

Before 1967, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment was not enacted, so when the Vice President of William McKinley died in November 1899 Theodore Roosevelt won the nomination unanimously. Little did Theodore know that this was the beginning of his rise to the presidency. He campaigned vigorously for McKinley which eventually lead to their landslide victory in 1900. Roosevelt spent six uneventful months as Vice President, as his most notable action was thrilling his supporters with words â€Å"Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far.† On September 6th, President McKinley was shot, and died eight days later on September 14th. Roosevelt was sworn in, and the rest was history. Theodore Roosevelt served as the 26th President of the United†¦show more content†¦McKinley was a good president and lead the United States to great prosperity during his time, however his legacy was cut short with his assassination. Roosevelt came into power of a happy, prosperous United Stat es, and it was an easy transition due to how well McKinley had done as president. Before Theodore Roosevelt became President, he had accumulated quite the political experience. Early on, after graduating from Harvard College, he entered public service and was elected to the New York State Assembly at the age of 23, and served two terms as the leader of a reform faction of Republicans. He then took a break to have a family and raise his children,he returned to New York and unsuccessfully ran for Mayor in 1886. He served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under William McKinley, resigning after one year to serve with the Rough Riders, where he gained national fame for courage during the Spanish–American War. Returning a war hero, he was elected governor of New York in 1898. This was didn t last long, as Roosevelt was put up to the role of Vice President and McKinley’s running mate in the election of 1900. He campaigned earnestly which lead to the landslide victory. His t ime as Vice President was quiet, and eventually lead to him being sworn in as the President of the United States when President McKinley was assassinated in September of 1901. Only 42 years old when he took office, he was the youngestShow MoreRelatedTheodore Roosevelt And The Progressive Era2039 Words   |  9 PagesUpon the arrival of the Progressive Era, America shared several common characteristics of the industrialized countries: drastically increased population, overcrowded cities, poor working conditions, and significant economic disparity. Three presidents - Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson - during the Progressive Era made essential domestic reforms and launched new foreign policies in order to construct America into a more prosperous country and a leading power around the globe.Read MoreTheodore Roosevelt s The Progressive Era Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesTheodore Roosevelt’s presidency marked the beginning of a very liberal period in American history. This new ‘Progressive Era’ was mobilized largely by the middle class as an attempt to put an end to the problems created by the period of excess that was the Gilded Age. Believing that big business was ruining democracy, and assuming a moral obligation to shield the poor and downtrodden from corrupt capitalists, the Progressives commenced an era of sweeping reforms. From the outset, the ProgressiveRead MoreCompare And Contrast Theodore Roosevelt And The Progressive Era755 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Progressive Era, two presidents, Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, were very essential and celebrated during their time. Roosevelt became president in 1901 and was probably one of the most influential Republicans ever to have power over the American people (â€Å"Theodore Roosevelt.†). Being a democrat, Woodrow Wilson ran his campaign in a very different way than President Roosevelt. He became president in 1913 and was easily one of the best presid ents the United States ever had, leadingRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt And Woodrow Wilson : The Progressive Era1651 Words   |  7 Pages During the Progressive Era from 1890-1920, America saw three new presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. This period of time is known as the Progressive Era due to the political and social changes made to move away from a laissez-faire government to a more active government by the administrations of these presidents. Prior to this period, Americans had to suffer through poor working conditions, low wages, social and class inequality and become victims to largeRead MoreProgressivism : A Great Number Of Urban Middle Class1722 Words   |  7 PagesPrasertsup (Nine) History Research 420 Word Count: Progressivism in the Roosevelt Corollary From 1900 to about 1920, a great number of urban middle class people began to consider problems created by urbanization, class conflict, immigration, corruption, etc. This broad movement had large effects on American politics and the name of this time, known as the Progressive Era. Not only did the progressive movement happen in the era, Latin American economic crises also occurred. Venezuela was one of thoseRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1546 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 31-33 Test: Individual Question When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to his first term as president of the United States in 1932, America was in a severe depression. When Franklin Roosevelt took office in March of 1933, President Hoover handed the problems of the Great Depression over to Roosevelt. Upon taking office, Franklin Roosevelt issued a bank holiday which forced all banks to close from March 6 to March 10 while he met with Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Act to allow banksRead MoreA Fair Wage System Did Not Exist Even Before The Industrial Revolution1688 Words   |  7 Pagesnone other than Theodore Roosevelt. All of America was in shock with the news of McKinley’s assassinations and many were weary of how Theodore Roosevelt would do in office. Despite the outcries, the progressives were filled with joy because they finally got a progressive in the White House. Political action is crucial in order for change to take place; some action needs presidential authority and influence, and this w as exactly what the progressives were waiting for. President Roosevelt has gained muchRead MoreRoosevelt, Taft, and Wilson: Progressive Presidents1675 Words   |  7 Pagescountry and the Progressive Era, more than a decade. The presidents of this time, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, were like chefs developing a recipe for the betterment of the United States. Every act that was passed, each decision that was made, was a trial or taste-test of the constantly changing recipe for the country. If something angered citizens or drew criticism, the president went back to his office, his kitchen, and was ready to make more changes. Where he left off in the progressive recipe, theRead MoreIntroduction. In â€Å"The Man With The Muck-Rake,† Theodore1327 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In â€Å"The Man with the Muck-Rake,† Theodore Roosevelt used diction, symbolism, and ethos to convey his convictions on the social and political evils in progressive era America in order to shed light on the necessity of a proper and honest society. Historical Background In the late nineteenth century, America was a country in its prime of industrialization and immigration influx. Known as the Gilded Age, this period defined the United States as the bustling powerhouse it is today, butRead MoreExtent to which the Republican Party Liberalized1502 Words   |  6 PagesA. Plan of Investigation The Progressive Era was a time characterized by a multitude of reactions to the inherent problems in American society and politics. The previous age of â€Å"gilded† politics had left the American political system fraught with corruption and inefficiency, and the rise of industrialization made clear the socioeconomic divide between the lower and upper classes. Progressivism became a loosely connected movement of legislation, ideas, and people striving to improve the

Business And Professional Ethics Analysis - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Business And Professional Ethics Analysis. Answer: In the contemporary era, corporations have ceased to be only a legal device that is used merely to carry out private business transactions. There has been a growing controversy with respect to the purpose of a corporation in the modern era. On one hand, several scholars have undertaken extensive research to assert that the sole objective of business corporations is to maximize the wealth of the shareholders of the corporations. On the other hand, there is a growing need expressed by the broad business community, which includes social and environmental activists, customers, institutional shareholders, government regulators and businesses themselves for the corporations to be accountable for the environment and the community that is affected by the corporations. This gives rise to two corporate theories that are contradictory to each other, namely, the shareholder value theory and the stakeholder value theory. This essay entails critically analyzes the corporate theories that states th e purpose of the corporations in light of the arguments and views of Evan and Freeman, Kenneth Goodpaster and Milton Friedman. The essay shall further discuss about the probable strength and weakness of their respective views and arguments with respect to the moral obligations and social responsibilities of business corporations. As per the shareholder value theory, the business corporations purport to optimize the financial returns for the shareholders of the corporations. This is a dominant economic theory used in business where optimization of shareholder wealth is established as purpose of the firm in the financial, economic and legal theories. According to Nobel Laureate Milton Friedman (1970) argues that a corporation purports to optimize financial return for shareholders. He sternly believes that a corporation is usually operated and owned solely for the advantages of the shareholders. Friedman believes that the sole responsibility of a business corporation is to use its resources and involve in activities that are designed to accelerate in profits provided the corporation is engaged in activities. Such activities amounts to free and open competition and is debarred of any fraud or deception. Three fundamental assumptions can be adduced in support of the shareholder view of the firm. Firstly, the environmental, social and human expenses that are incurred while carrying on the business operations internalized as per the requirements of law and all the other expenses should be externalized. This shareholder value theory states that the sole purpose for carrying out the business is to increase cash flow for the shareholders and the revenue along with reduction in risk and minimization of cost. He asserted that to enhance the revenue, it is important to sell products that are more expensive to the society than the expenses is incurred in the costs o the products like sport utility vehicles. Secondly, he believes that self-interests are a form of human motivator as it influences human significantly. It is a well-established fact that organizations and people shall act reasonably as per their own self-interest with the objective to optimize value and efficiency for the community altogether. According to Friedman, the modern economic theory is established on essential assumption that individuals act reasonably for their respective self-interests. According to Tricker and Tricker 2015, the arguments and viewpoints of Friedman is similar to that of Adam Smith. However, Carroll (2015) argues that this self-interest acts as human motivator may give rise to a conflict between the managers (agents) and the shareholders (principals) in a corporation owned by the public as managers would act as per their self-interest and not as per shareholders interest. Thirdly, Friedman argued that corporate firms are primarily nexus of contracts where priority is given to those contracts that tend to have the most significant impact on the profitability factor of the firm. This nexus of contracts theory states that shareholder has dominance over the stakeholders. According to stakeholder value theory, it provides an alternative purpose of the firm and is contradictory to the shareholder value theory as it emphasizes on the wider social interests that is beyond economic value creation for the shareholders of the corporations. R. Edward Freeman who believes that managers of an organization are obligated to strike a balance between the interests of all the stakeholders of a corporation has established this stakeholder value theory. According to Evan and Freeman (1933), the purpose of the firm should be refined to be serving as a means to coordinate the interests of all the stakeholders of the company. Weiss 2014 agrees with Freeman that this stakeholder theory depicts that the business corporations rely on the stakeholders for their success as they have a stake in the business organizations. The question who can be termed as a stakeholder is subjected to several controversies. Whether stakeholders include only those individuals that are affected by the corporations as per the broad definition of Freeman or whether they include the constituencies and individuals that contribute to the wealth-creating activities and capacity as per his narrow definition. Stakeholder refers to those individuals who affect the corporations and the profits earned by the same, the shareholder value theory shall supersede the stakeholder value theory and the stakeholder theory shall not be considered as an alternative to such shareholder theory. The stakeholders of a modern corporation depict the owners, employees, suppliers, customers and the community. Weiss 2014 states that owners have financial state in the corporation in the form of bonds, stocks and consequently, they expect some form of financial return. The firm affects the livelihood of the owners if a significant part of the retiremen t income is in bonds or stocks, it shall affect the ability of the owners to care for themselves when they would not be able to work for longer. The livelihood of the employees is at stake and they have their jobs, which might also get affected. Moreover, it often happens that the employees have specialized skills for which there are less appropriate elastic market. In return for their labor, the employees expect some benefits, wages and security and some kind of meaningful work. Since the employees are being used as means to realize the objective of the corporations, they expect participation in decision-making process that might affect their use. Moreover, in return for their loyalty, the corporation is expected to take care of their needs and stand by them during difficult times. The suppliers, as stakeholders of the company play a significant role in the success of the firm, as they supply raw materials that determine the final product and its quality and price. The firm becomes the customer of the supplier, which is essential for the suppliers to survive. Therefore, Freeman states that if the firm treats the suppliers as a valued and essential stakeholder member instead of considering it a mere source of materials, the supplier shall also respond the firm at the time of its need. The customers as a stakeholder exchange resources for the products of the firm and receive benefits of the products in return. Customers are the means of support of a corporation as they enable the firms to earn revenue. Tai, F.M. and Chuang (2014) agree with Freeman that as per the reinvestment of earnings in huge corporations, customers usually pay indirectly for the development of the new services and products. Short et al (2016) asserts that maintaining good relations with customers also leads to success with the other stakeholders. It is evident from the fact that companies that have performed well is usually found to have laid more emphasis on the customers. It is expected from the corporations that it caters to the needs of the customers, addresses the needs of the owners as well as that of the suppliers of the organizations. The community grants a right to the firm to build infrastructures and earn benefits from the tax base and from the social and economic contributions of t he corporations. In return, of such services, the firm is expected to be a good citizen as any person is it artificial and natural. The firm is expected not to expose the community to hazardous circumstances in the form of pollution, etc. Goodpaster designs his theory based on the theory established by Freeman (1984) and categorizes the stakeholder theory into three distinct approaches such as multi-fiduciary, strategic and a synthesis. As per the strategic approach, stakeholders are considered as a source to create profits for the shareholders. The multi-fiduciary approach considers the firm to have a fiduciary duty towards the stakeholders along with the shareholders. Instead of considering one stakeholder to have a dominant impact, the concerns of a wider stakeholder community are taken into consideration. According to the synthesis approach, it combines the two other approaches where the corporation has both an ethical as well as a moral duty towards the stakeholders; however, the shareholders are exclusively accountable to carry out fiduciary responsibilities. He states that normative stakeholder theory considers that the corporation strikes a balance with respect to the interests of the community for the welfare for all. He further believes that the instrumental stakeholder theory describes the managing stakeholders that are essential for the profits of the firm, which almost depicts the perspective of the shareholder value theory. According to the classical approach of Friedman towards corporation, the sole purpose of the corporation is to earn profits for the shareholders. Therefore, the only social responsibility of business is to use its resources and engage in activities that have been designed to enhance the profits of the company ensuring the activities are carried with fraud or deception. On the contrary, the stakeholder theory as advanced by Freeman is a significant alternative as the task of the manager is to safeguard the rights of the stakeholders. His approach depicts the social responsibility of business. He perceived organizations as social institutions whose responsibilities are beyond their fiduciary responsibilities to the shareholders, employees and directors. However, Mason and Simmons (2014) argues that despite this debate over the purpose of the corporations and its approach towards the stakeholders, both the stakeholder and the shareholder perspectives lack pragmatic assessment. It is imperative to understand whether the shareholders would be able to achieve their aims better under a Freeman regime or whether the Friedmans approach would enable the stakeholders to achieve their aims better. The directors are assumed to represent the interests of shareholders that appoint the directors. Consequently, the directors appoint the managers who are responsible for safeguarding the interests of the shareholders. This outlook implies that boards are not entitled to spend the funds of the company beyond the purpose of the company. The shareholder theory advanced by Friedman disregarded social responsibility of the corporations and emphasized on earning of profit as the sole objective of the company. However, Carroll (2015) argued that the neo-classicists accept that corporations do not possess the resources to resolve social issues neither the society should expect the corporation to do the same. On the contrary, the stakeholder theory, Weiss (2014) asserts that the organizations, which strive to be beneficial for the stakeholders, not only face huge competitive disadvantage but also are unmanageable. The stakeholders may not share common commercial purposes where some stakeholders may want the company to grow while some may want the company to maintain the current size of the company. Some stakeholders may want the company to fail or to take over ad merge with other companies. The multi-fiduciary policies adopted by the management frustrates the purpose of the company or at least leads the company to confusio n in terms of its purpose. The stakeholder theory also fails to indicate how stakeholders should be represented or how their interest is to be safeguarded. Nevertheless, the most appropriate approach seems to be that of Freemans, who perceived corporation as a network of relationships that would make it possible to create a social world in which care is given utmost significance. (Leipziger (2017) agreed with this view stating that corporations imply a nexus of contracts which is both implicit and real, in between the equals of the stakeholder groups. The corporate responsibilities of any corporation obligate it to resolve social issues while achieving profits. These responsibilities also include duty of the corporations to express gratitude for the communitys benefits, duty to exercise their power and duties as citizenship as compared to individual citizens. Reference List Blowfield, M. and Murray, A., 2014.Corporate responsibility. Oxford University Press. Carroll, A.B., 2015. Corporate social responsibility.Organizational dynamics,44(2), pp.87-96. Cooper, S., 2017.Corporate social performance: A stakeholder approach. Taylor Francis. Farooq, O., Rupp, D.E. and Farooq, M., 2017. The multiple pathways through which internal and external corporate social responsibility influence organizational identification and multifoci outcomes: The moderating role of cultural and social orientations.Academy of Management Journal,60(3), pp.954-985. Griffin, J.J. and Prakash, A., 2014. Corporate responsibility: Initiatives and mechanisms.Business Society,53(4), pp.465-482. Kenneth E. Goodpaster. (1991). Business Ethics and Stakeholder Analysis. Source: Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Jan., 1991), pp. 53-73 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3857592 Accessed: 12-01-2018 13:59 UTC. Leipziger, D., 2017.The corporate responsibility code book. Routledge. Mason, C. and Simmons, J., 2014. Embedding corporate social responsibility in corporate governance: A stakeholder systems approach.Journal of Business Ethics,119(1), pp.77-86. Schrempf-Stirling, J., Palazzo, G. and Phillips, R.A., 2016. Historic corporate social responsibility.Academy of Management Review,41(4), pp.700-719. Short, J.C., McKenny, A.F., Ketchen, D.J., Snow, C.C. and Hult, G.T.M., 2016. An empirical examination of firm, industry, and temporal effects on corporate social performance.Business Society,55(8), pp.1122-1156. Suliman, A.M., Al-Khatib, H.T. and Thomas, S.E., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility.Corporate Social Performance: Reflecting on the Past and Investing in the Future, p.15. Tai, F.M. and Chuang, S.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), p.117. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Tropical Africa Food Production And The Essays (430 words)

Tropical Africa: Food Production and the Inquiry Model Hunger is the result of disasters such as drought, floods, the .changing of the jet stream patterns and other natural disasters .They are beyond our control It has been estimated that one third of the land in Tropical Africa is potentially cultivable, though only about 6% of it is ,currently cultivated. However, to change farming from a low-input low-yield pattern to a high-input, high-yield pattern necessitates the use of more fertilizer and the planting of high-yielding .varieties of crops There are a number of environmental factors, related mostly to .climate, soils and health, resisting easy developmental solutions .Rainfall reliability is closely connected to rainfall quantity The rainfall in the equatorial heart is very plentiful and reliable. However, there is much less rainfall towards the outer edges of the rain belt. Periodic and unpredictable droughts are a .characteristic feature of these border zones :There are three climatic zones in Tropical Africa ,1.a region of persistent rain at and near the Equator 2.a region on each side of this of summer rain and winter drought, and 3.a region at the northern and southern edges afflicted by .drought All the climates listed in the previous paragraph are modified in the eastern parts of Tropical Africa by the mountains and .monsoons The soils of Tropical Africa pose another problem. They are unlike the soils of temperate areas. Soils are largely products of their climates, and tropical soils are different from temperate soils because the climate is different. Because of the great heat ,of the tropics tends to bake the soils, while on the other hand the rainfall leaches them. The combined heat and moisture tend to produce very deep soils because the surface rock is rapidly broken down by chemical weathering. All this causes the food's rate of growth to slow down or maybe even stop and as a result food production won't even come close in catching up to the rate of .population increase; therefore starvation and hunger is present In the process of a flood and drought, the roots of trees are shallow and virtually no nutrients are obtained from the soil. The vegetation survives on its own humus waste, which is plentiful. If the vegetation is cleared, then the source of humus is removed and the natural infertility of the soils becomes obvious. As being another factor, this will cause the soil to produce wasteful and .useless products which in turn will decrease the production To conclude this essay, the climates in Tropical Africa take a big role as being factors that could endanger or destroy the process of plantation. On the other hand, it could also bring good .fortune if climatic regions are fairly good --------------------------------------------------------------